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substituted by tax in kind;
2) free trade (within the frames of local
commodity circulation first);
3) commodity-money relations (in 1924 the
monetary reform was conducted, “golden
tchervonets” appeared);
4) the market of civilian labour was
introduced;
5) denationalization of small and medium
industry;
6) decentralization of management, elements
of economic methods of national economy –
self-financing, were introduced;
7) relative lessening of repressive system,
etc.
However, NEP restricted itself by economic
sphere only, no radical political changes took
place; the dictatorship of the Communist
Party still ruled in the country. With transition
to collectivization, NEP was over.
March The Riga peace treaty of RSFSR and USSR
1921 as one part and Poland as the other. The
Warsaw treaty of 1920 was annulled, the
Polish government recognized the Ukrainian
Socialist Soviet Republic; the border was
marked along the Zbruch river. Thus, lands of
Western Ukraine were taken by Poland.
May Th trial demonstrative proceedings over
1921 members of Ukrainian Party of Socialists-
Revolutionaries (SR). It put the beginning to
political proceedings and prosecution of other
political parties.
July The establishment of Ukrainian Secret

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