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classes were admitted as volunteers. Ivan
Kotlyarevsky, the Ukrainian writer, took an
active part in formation of voluntary military
forces. The Cossack host and voluntary forces
enumerated almost 70 thousand people. The
population of Ukraine donated 9 million 27
thousand karbovantsiv, 13.5 pods of silver
and a few kilograms of gold for the needs of
war. In 1816 Cossacks were deprived of all
priviliges, they were put back to their
previous state. many of the went to the Kuban
in 1820-25 and joined the Kuban host.
Voluntary military forces were disbanded,
soldiers had to go back to serfdom.
1813-1835 Peasant movement in Podillya under the
command of Ustym Karmelyuk. It lasted for
more than 20 years with participation of 20
thousand serfs. They carried out more than
1000 attacks at landlords’ estates. The
authorities sentenced Karmelyuk to penal
servitude 4 times and sent out to Siberia. He
managed to escape every time and headed the
fight again. He was treacherously killed in
1835.
1816-1819 The first mass popular magazine ‘The
Ukrainian Herald” was published in
Kharkiv.
1817 The formation of military settlements, which
represented a specific kind of serfdom. In
Ukraine military settlements were situated in
Kharkiv, Katerynoslav and Kherson
provinces. Military settlers not only
conducted regular war games, but also carried

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