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for separate peasants and their families as a
buyout on the basis of common agreement by
landlords and peasants. That decree did not
change the situation itself as landlords did not
want to lose their main labour force. Peasants,
in their turn, did not have money to buy
themselves out.
1803-1804 ‘The preliminary rules of public education”
was approved in 1803, the statute
educational institutions was approved in
1804. There were 4 types of school provided;
1) parochial; 2) district; 3) provincial
(gymnasium); 4) universities.
In parochial schools organized by church
parishes and considered primary, education
lasted 4-6 months in villages and up to 1 year
in cities. Children were taught (in the Russian
language) to read, write, arithmetic
fundamentals, basics of orthodoxy, etc.
District schools, being the second step in the
system primary education, consisted of two
classes at first; by the statute of 1828 there
were three classes introduced. They taught the
Russian language, geography, history,
arithmetic, natural history, physics, drawing.
Mostly noblemen’s and officials’ children
went to district schools.
Gymnasiums (secondary schools) admitted
only noblemen’s and officials’ children. First,
education lasted 4 years, by the statute of
1828 it was increased up to 7 years. In
gymnasiums Latin, German French, history,
geography, basic course of philosophy and

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