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philology, mathematics, physics, natural
history, political economy and drawing were
taught. In 1828 such subjects as natural
history, philosophy and political economy
were taken out from the syllabus, the courses
of “divinity”, “sacred and church history” and
the Greek language were introduced instead.
Tsarism was an obstacle in the way of
development of science. In 1856 there was
only 0.6 pupil per 100 residents of Ukraine, in
the USA 1 pupil fell on 5 residents, in France
and England there was 1 pupil per 11
residents. The emperor’s decree of 1827
forbade the admittance of serfs’ children to
secondary and higher educational
establishments.
1805 Opening of Kharkiv University. By initiative
of Vasyl Karazin, a Ukrainian nobleman, who
managed to get tsar Oleksandr’s permission,
funds were raised (400 thousand roubles was
gathered by Sloboda-Ukrainian nobility, 181
thousand roubles was donated by the
merchants of Kharkiv, 108 thousand roubles
was given by nobility of Katerynoslav region;
Cossacks’ descendants, who lived in Kharkiv,
granted 125 dessiatynas of land). Ivan
Ryzhzky, a Russian philologist and
philosopher, became the first rector of the
university (P. Hulak-Artemovsky, the
Ukrainian writer, was the rector of the
university in 1841-1849). Kharkiv University
became a powerful centre of science and
culture life in Ukraine. There were only 65

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