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6 OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES

6.1 The Notions of Occupational Injuries and Diseases

Injury (trauma) is damage to the anatomic integrity of the human body or its
functions caused by harmful industrial factors.
Occupational Disease is a pathological condition caused by long-term work in
harmful working conditions which is connected with the body overstrain or
unfavourable impact of industrial factors.
Depending on the type of influence, the following types of injuries are
distinguished:
– mechanical (bruises, fractures);
– thermal (scalds, burns, chilblains);
– chemical (poisoning, chemical burns);
– electrical (electrical burns, electrical marks, electric ophthalmia, etc.);
– mental (shock, fright).

Depending on the severity of the consequences, the disability is divided into:
– temporary - the person recovered from injury (disease) and returned to
work;
– permanent- temporary - the person renewed the working capacity after
injury and resumed work but the consequences of the injury remained (for instance,
finger loss or lameness);
– permanent - permanent loss of working capacity (first-degree disability).

The employer organizes an accident investigation at the enterprises.
In the event of an accident, the employer must immediately set up a
commission to investigate the accident.
An accident investigation commission shall be set up with at least three
persons.
The Commission of Inquiry into the accident within five days must draw up an
act of investigation of the accident in Form H-1, where the accident is recognized as
production-related (related to the work process) or not.
Special accident investigation carried out in the case of:
1) fatal accidents;
2) group accidents;
3) cases of employees died in the course of their work (job) duties;
4) acute occupational diseases (poisoning) that have caused serious or fatal
consequences;
5) accidents, the occurrence of which is established in court, and the
enterprise (institution, organization) at which they occurred, liquidated without a
successor;
6) accidents that have caused grave consequences, including the possible
disability of the victim;
7) cases of disappearance of an employee while performing his / her duties
(duties);

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