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violation of their semantic structure. Market in economics, disk in
computering, law in legal terminology.
The semantic transfer presupposes modifications, changes
in the semantic structure of the common word. This type of the
transfer is bases on metaphor and metonymy. A metaphoric way of
creating new languge units is the most productive in the English
language. The essence of metaphor lies in the understanding of
certain objects via the others. Metaphoric transfer bases on
similarities in form, location and function.
Crane a tall, long-legged, long-necked Similarity in
bird, typically with white or grey form
plumage;
a large, tall machine used for
moving heavy objects by
suspending them from a projecting
arm or beam
Wing any of a number of specialized Similarity in
paired appendages that enable function
some animals to fly,
in particular a rigid horizontal
structure that projects from both
sides of an aircraft and supports it
in the air

Metonymic transfer is a transfer based on adjacency. In the
terminology the metonymic transfer can be of the following types:
part–entity, action– result, reason– consequence, property–
quantitative measure:
motor as any of various power units that develop energy
(двигун) and as motor vehicle (автомобіль)
fabric as an enterprise (фабрика) and a material that
resembles cloth (тканина).

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