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It became the start of Cossack immunity, as
the Cossacks ceased to obey Polish headmen
and caused the formation of Cossacks as a
separate camp.
1573 The establishment of the printing house by
Ivan Fedorov in Lviv. In 1574 he published
the first printed books in Ukraine – “The
Apostle” and “The Primer”.
1577– 1578 The Cossack campaign headed by Ivan
Pidkova against Moldavia;the capture of the
city of Yassy and proclamation of Pidkova to
be the ruler of Moldavia. To avoid the
complications with Turkey keeping the
vassalage over Moldavia, the Polish king
ordered to capture Pidkova. He was executed
in Lviv.
1578 The first Ukrainian school of the highest
degree, the Ostroh Academy, was opened.
The prince Kostyantyn Ostrogskyi was the
founder of the Academy. Herasym
Smotrytskyi, the scientist and enlightener,
became the first rector.
1586 The establishment of the first brotherhood of
Ukraine in Lviv – a national-religious public
organization, created as the opposition to the
suppression of Poland. The patriarch Jeremias
II of Constantinople granted stauropegic to
Lviv Assumption Brotherhood. It meant that
they did not obey the local church
administration, but were controlled and
subdued to Constantinople only.
1591– 1593 The Cossack-peasant uprising headed by
Kryshtof Kosynsky involved the regions of

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