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seim to open schools of such a type. It was
enough, though, to get the order of the
Regional School Board to open a Polish
school. It is far from being a surprise, that
during 40 years of constitutional government
in Halychyna, Ukrainians were allowed to
open only 5 state gymnasiums: in Lviv
(1867), in Peremyshl (1887), in Kolomyia
(1892), in Ternopil (1898) and in Stanislaviv
(1905). The Polish had 96 humanitarian and
14 real gymnasiums, etc.
1875 Austrian power abolished in Halychyna the
right “of propination giving the exclusive
right to produce and sell vodka and beer to
landlords”. This monopoly led to appearance
of a wide network of taverns in the villages of
Halychyna. It was very profitable for
landlords (1860-5 mln.). According to
calculations of V. Navrotsky, a Ukrainian
scientist, who worked as a state treasurer,
each opened tavern took away the possibility
to get a school education from nearly a
hundred of village children.
1875 The foundation of Chernivtsi University with
German as a language of instruction.
1877-1878 The first law proceeding against I. Franko,
M. Pavlyk and O. Terletsky in Lviv/ It
marked the emergence of a new current on the
arena of Halychyna – a radical one.
Ukrainian radicals published magazines
“Hromadskyi druh” (“The Social
Companion”), “Dzvin” (“The Bell”), “Molot”
(“The Hammer”) – 1878, “Svit” (“The

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