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the Polish count, became the conductor of the
“Bach’s policy” in Halychyna. During his 10-
year activity (1849-1859) he practically
destroyed all achievements of Ukrainians:
- in 1851 the Supreme Ruthenian Council
ceased to exist;
- in 1857 “Galician Dawn” was no longer
published;
- in 1857 the Ukrainian language stopped to
be an obligatory subject in gymnasiums;
- in 1859 there was an attempt to translate the
Ukrainian language into a Latin alphabet, the
so-called “alphabet war” with a goal; to
accelerate colonization of Ukrainian
population.
1859 Austria was defeated in the war with
Kingdom of Piedmont supported by France. It
made the Emperor conduct certain reforms. In
1860 the Constitution was proclaimed,
according to which, in 1861 all crown lands
became autonomous with their own regional
seims. Halychyna and Bukovyna were among
them.
1861 The railway line Lviv-Peremyshl was
opened. It connected Lviv to Krakiv and
Vienna. In 1866 Lviv-Stanislav-Chernivtsi
railway was constructed. In 1873 Lviv-
Ternopil-Pidvolochysk railway was put into
operation. It connected western Ukraine and
Dnieper Ukraine.
The The generation of narodovtsi (populists)
beginning movement, that was a reaction to the so-called
of 60-s “Moscowphiles”. Moscowphiles shared

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