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eastern Halychyna, Bukovyna and
Transcarpathia. Peasants took arms and
escaped to the far regions of the Carpathians.
Small groups attacked estates, killed landlords
and administration. Among well-known
leaders were: Y. Omelyuk, D. Marusyak, M.
Shtolyuk. Austrian government introduced
martial courts and regular troops to suppress
the movement. It weakened the movement,
though separate outbursts lasted till 1848.
1816 M. Levytsky, the bishop of Greek Catholic
church, and his assistant I. Mohylnytsky
organized “The Society of Greek Catholic
clergymen for spreading knowledge among
the faithful” They put it as a goal to spread
religious literature in Ukrainian. In 1818 they
pressed for the opening of deacon school in
Peremyshl.
1822 The first grammar of the Ukrainian
language by I. Mohylnytsky appeared. Later
the grammar of the Ukrainian language were
compiled by J. Lozynsky (1833) and J.
Levytsky (1834).
1829 I. Mohylnytsky wrote an article “Survey
about the Ukrainian language”. The article
was written in Polish and proved that
Ukrainian was not a Polish dialect.
1830 The first grammar of the Ukrainian
language was published in Transcarpathia.
It was written by L. Luchkai, a Greek
Catholic clergyman. O. Dukhnevych, a
clergyman, wrote and published “Bukvar”,
textbook on geography and other manuals.

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