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birthday anniversary. It caused many protests
in Ukraine and in the State Duma.
August, 1, 1914 The beginning of First World War between
two military blocs – the Entente (France,
England, Russia) and the Triple Alliance
(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy; Italy then
left the alliance, Turkey and Bulgaria joined
it). Ukraine was a considerable issue in the
plans of the countries at war:
- Germany planned to defeat Russia, take
Ukraine, Poland, Baltic countries and the
Caucasus under its protectorate;
- Austria-Hungary had a claim on Podillya
and Volyn;
- Russia planned to seize the lands of
Halychyna, Bukovyna, Transcarpathia under
the slogan of “Unification of all Russian
lands”.
With the beginning of the war Ukrainian
politicians split. The part of them supported
its governments (Russia, Austria-Hungary),
the other took the opposing side.

PART ІІ. Under the rule of the Austrian empire.
1772 After the first division of the Polish-
Lithuanian Commonwealth Halychyna
became the part of the Austrian Empire.
Bukovyna came under its authority in 1774.
Transcarpathia (Carpathian Ruthenia) was
apart of Hungarian kingdom, which was
th
under the rule of Austria since the 14
century. Austria formed “The Kingdom of
Galicia and Lodomyriys” with the centre in

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