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follows: 6 years of active service and 9 years
in the reserve; 7 years of active service in the
navy with 3 years in the reserve respectively.
People with a higher education served for 6
months up to 4 years.
4. Military and cadet schools were
established.
5. The army was rearmed and fitted out.
6. Nobility and clergy did not serve.
1864 “Kievlyanin”, an official Russian periodical
started to be published in Kyiv with V.
Shulgin as an editor). It was anti-Polish first,
but later was concentrated on the struggle
with “Ukrainian separatism”.
1865 Censorial reform.
1. Special censorship organs were formed.
2. Censorial institutions were transferred from
the Ministry of Education under the authority
of Ministry of Internal Affairs.
3. Ministry of Internal Affairs included the
Chief Department of printing and the
Committee of foreign censorship.
4. Church censorship continued its activities.
1865 The foundation of Novorossiisk University in
Odesa.
1865 The first railroad in Ukraine was constructed
between Odesa and Balta.
1866-1871 Kyiv-Odesa railroad construction.
1870 Municipal government reform
1. Declassed bodies of municipal government
were elected in all towns of Ukraine. They
were called town councils and were elected
for 4 years.

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