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squadron of 13 vessels. The headquarters of
the Turkish fleet and Osman Pasha were taken
prisoners. The Crimea became the main war
stage. In March 1854 England and France
declared war against Russia. The valour of the
masses (many Ukrainian soldiers and sailors
participated in the war) failed to make up for
military-technical and economic
backwardness of the Russian Empire. The
Crimean war ended in the defeat of Russia
and signing the treaty of Paris on March 18,
1856. Russia was banned to keep military
vessels on the Black Sea and build coastal
fortifications.
March- April „Kyiv Cossacks”. The mass peasant
1855 movement caused by the rumours of
recording Cossacks for participation in the
Crimean War. They were promised liberation
from serfdom and land granting. The peasant
movement covered 422 villages of Kyiv
governorate. The tsarist government violently
suppressed the rebels.
Spring – „The march for freedom to Tavriya”. That
summer 1856 movement covered Katerynoslav, Kherson
and some other governorates, 574 villages in
all with the population of 76 thousand people.
It rooted in the rumour that serfs would
populate the ruined Crimea. They were to get
freedom and land there. The tsarist
government sent out troops to suppress the
movement and they did.
The end of „Chlopomania”. It was a cultural movement
1850 of Ukrainian intellectuals of the right-bank

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