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LABORATORY WORK № 5
Mutual transformations and characteristic
reactions of halogen derivatives and alcohols
Purpose:
To know the classification, formulas, homologous
series, nomenclature of halogen derivatives and alcohols.
On the basis of the structure of the molecules able to explain
the physical and chemical properties of halogenoalkanes and
alcohols, to write the equation of reactions of interclass
genetic bonds.
To be able to produce halogenated hydrocarbons and
alcohols in the laboratory. Study their reactivity and mutual
transformation. Conduct alcohol identification experiments.
Reagents and equipment:
a mixture of ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid in
a volume ratio of 1: 3, sodium chloride, ethanol, 10%
solution of sodium hydroxide, chromium blend, 2-propanol
(isopropanol), 2% solution of copper (II) sulphate, 1, 2-
ethanediol (ethylene glycol), 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol),
2% solution of phenol, 1% solution of ferrum (III) chloride,
test tubes, gas vapor tube, thin glass capillaries.
The theoretical part
Halogen-Derived Hydrocarbons is the products of
substitution of one or more Hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon
molecules on an atom or atoms of halogens. Halogen
derivatives of alkanes are polar compounds in which the
electron density is shifted to a halogen atom, so they enter
the substitution reaction:
