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borrowing is from a cognate language. In terminology,
neoclassical derivations and compounds are more frequent than in
general language, especially in the natural sciences. International
terminology standards explicitly recommend the use of
neoclassical stems and affixes to form new terms in order to
encourage the international nature of designations. International
standards also recommend that neoclassical terms be formed from
elements of a single historical language, although this
recommendation is not always followed. We often find
neoclassical words consisting of formatives from both Latin and
Greek: bigamy, pluviometer, tripod, mammography, as well as
words combining a neoclassical formative with an English
formative: infrared, lumpectomy, microwave.
2.2. Loan of contemporary languages à la carte – made of
several dishes ordered separately from a menu (порціонно, на
замовлення, за замовленням); langlauf (лижний крос) – a
German noun meaning cross-country skiing; risotto – an Italian
dish of cooked rice with meat, fish, or vegetables in it; posada – in
a Spanish-speaking country, a hotel, pension, or hostel adobe,
guerrilla, alameda (from Spanish)
Some words that have been incorporated into English with
little or no change from their original language are: coup d’état,
kudos, pianissimo, protégé.
Once a borrowing has been fully accepted by the importing
language, it can generate derived words that follow the
morphological rules of this language:
Blitzkrieg (from German) blitz (verb)
karate (from Japanese) karateist
machine (from French) machinist, machine (verb)
In many cases borrowings are unnecessary because most
languages have enough resources to create their own terms. For
example English has borrowed many foreign expressions for
which there are widely used native equivalents, e.g. hoi polloi
(common people, terra incognita (uncharted territory), opus

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