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2) sequence of events (послідовність подій): Він ішов
попереду, а я позаду;
3) separate fulfilling of events (роздільність дій за
характером виконання): Ти молотом дзвени, працюй, а ти,
поете, співай, завжди співай (В. Сосюра);
4) conclusion (висновок): От і станція Соколгорна, а у
грудях вже серцю тісно (М. Нагнибіда) and others.
The English conjunction while has the meaning of opposing,
similar to some meanings of the Ukrainian adversative
conjunction a. Compare:
Jos went into a collapsed state to an inn, while Dobbin
escorted the ladies (W. Thackerey). Він пішов додому, а я
лишився в клубі.
Somehow similar in their meaning are the English
conjunction or and the Ukrainian conjunction a mo. Compare: It's
lucky they took off their boots, or we should fill the place with
clatter (H. Wells). Добре, що вони роззулися, а то наробили б
шуму.
The English conjunction otherwise also has the meaning
close to it, e.g.: You have no documents — otherwise you would
have handed them to the Colonel (Heym). Нема в тебе
документів, а то (інакше) б ти показав їх полковнику.
English connective adverbs yet, still, nevertheless have the
adversative meaning with the shade of concession, which
corresponds to some meanings of the Ukrainian adversative
conjunction ma. Compare: That train would bear her away from
him; yet he could not help fidgeting at the thought that they would
lose it (J. Galsworthy) ... Ще клевета на нас не замовкає, — та
стоїмо ми табором одним ... (М. Рильський).
The characteristic feature of Ukrainian adversative
sentences is the close connection and cooperation between
conjunctions and modal words and particles. For example, the
word проте functions both as a conjunction and as a modal word.
The particles тільки, лише, таки can also function as

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