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The main shades of meaning of the Ukrainian conjunction і
and the English and coincide. They render first of all the
following meanings:
1) the proper copulative meaning (власно-єднальне
значення) when there is a connection of very close according to
their content sentences. Compare: Гриміло потьмарене море
здаля, і жаром чадила зруділа земля (М. Бажан). I heard a
click, and a little glow lamp came into being (H. Wells);
2) the adjoining meaning (приєднувальне значення)
when the first sentence is accompanied by the second sentence for
the completion or development of the idea expressed by the first
sentence. In English grammars this meaning is also sometimes
called a copulative-relative meaning (єднально-відносне
значення). Compare: Мені чомусь здавалось, що треба йти
додому, і це було єдиним мотивом, який змусив мене піти. I
had a vague idea of going on to my own house, and that was as
much motive as I had (H. Wells);
3) the meaning of recounting (перелічувальне
значення). Compare: І тіло в них міцне, і плечі в них широкі, і
мисль оформила опуклі їх лоби (М. Бажан). The sun set, the
window- shutters were closed, and the street was empty. d) The
meaning of consequence (наслідкове значення), when the second
sentence is the result or consequence from the idea expressed in
the first sentence. У мене дуже мало часу, і я ніяк не можу
сказати вам про все (Ю. Корнійчук). But he was sick and
weary; and he soon felt sound asleep (Ch. Dickens).
Unlike Ukrainian і (й) the English conjunction and is also
widely used with the copulative-adversative meaning (в
єднально-протиставному значенні) which mostly corresponds
to the Ukrainian conjunction a. Compare: You have your opinion,
and I have mine. У тебе своя думка, а у мене своя.
The Ukrainian conjunction та й is used less frequently in
the Ukrainian language than the conjunction і (й) though it can
render the same shades of connection.

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