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in his struggle with rebels.
October- The battle of Zhvanets’. Polish army suffered
December a defeat and was surrounded under Zhvanets
1653 (near Kamyanets-Podilsky). But Polish king
bribed the Crimean khan Islam-Hiray ІІІ and
concluded a separate agreement with him (the
Polish were obliged to pay so-called
‘upomynky” – 100 thousand Polish zloty to
Tatars and let them plunder and take yasyr
(captives) on Ukrainian lands during 40 days).
Traditionally, historiographical sources
asserted that Zhvanets agreement put Ukraine
and its relations with Poland back to the
conditions of Zboriv treaty. Modern
researchers specify that it did not restore
Zboriv treaty conditions, but only confirmed
rights and liberties of Cossacks ensured by it.
All other aspects were not taken into account.
Thus, the major part of liberation struggle
results were lost and it led to the problem of
searching military and political assistance
from outside.
October Zemsky Sobor (the first Russian parliament)
1653 in Moscow, after a long time of waiting and
moral support only on the part of Russia
(during 1648-1654 13 missions from Moscow
visited Ukraine), decided "to take B.
Khmelnytsky and the army of Zaporizhzhya
under the arm of tsar”.
August The Council of Pereyaslav. The mission from
1654 Moscow headed by “close boyar” V. Buturlin
arrived in Ukraine to present the resolution of
Zemsky Sobor officially. In accordance with

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