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They  are  particularly  frequent  in  the  specialized  vocabularies  of
                            arts and sciences.
                                  4. Affixes are also classified from the etymological POV into
                            two large groups: native and borrowed. Natrive: er worker, miner,
                            teacher,  painter,  -ness,  loneliness,  loveliness,  -ing      meaning,
                            singing,  reading,  etc.  -dom  freedom,  wisdom,  kingdom,  etc
                            Borrowed: prefix –dis disable, disagree, disown, etc. The suffix -
                            able curable, capable, adorable, etc. The suffix -ate congratulate,
                            create,  appreciate,  etc  The  suffix  –ute  contribute,  constitute,
                            attribute, etc
                                  5.  Affixes  can  also  be  classified  into  productive  and
                            nonproductive  types.  Productivity  is  the  ability  to  form  new
                            words after existing patterns which are readily understood by the
                            speakers  of  a  language:  -er,  -ing,  -ness,  -ism  (materialism),  -ist
                            (impressionist), -ance
                                  The native noun-forming suffixes -dom and -ship ceased to
                            be productive centuries ago. Yet, Professor I. V. Arnold in “The
                            English  Word”  gives  some  examples  of  comparatively  new
                            formations  with  the  suffix  -dom:  boredom,  serfdom,  slavedom.
                            The same is true about -ship (e. g. salesmanship, companionship).

                                  2. Derivation
                                  Word-building  involves processes of producing  new words
                            from  resources  of  this  particular  language.  Together  with
                            borrowing,  word-  building  provides  for  enlarging  and  enriching
                            the vocabulary of the language.
                                  Words,  which  consist  of  a  root  and  an  affix  (or  several
                            affixes) are called derived words or derivatives and are produced
                            by  the  process  of  word-building  known  as  affixation  (or
                            derivation).
                                  1.      Affixal  or  derivational  word  formation  in  both
                            languages includes:
                                  a)      suffixal word-formation;
                                  b)      prefixal word-formation;













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