Page 21 - 6807
P. 21

Many words in English and Ukrainian are formed by adding
                            both prefixal and suffixal  morphemes to the root or stem of the
                            same word. There are four models:
                                  1)      one  prefix+the  root  morpheme/stem+one  suffix
                            (forming  nouns;  adjective;  verbs;  adverbs):  en-rich-ment,  pre-
                            script-ive, un-satis- fy, un-tru-ly; відсоток, навушник
                                  2)      two       or      more       prefixes+the      root
                            morphemes/stem+one suffix as in the nouns: re-im-prison-ment;
                                  3)      one  prefix+the  root  morpheme/stem+two  or  more
                            suffixes,  as  in  adverbs  that  are  formed  from  adjectives  and
                            participles:  dis-  stress-ing-ly,  pre-histor-ic-al;  вдосконалити,
                            зменшити,  обідніти,  обшукати,  перевищити,  видужати,
                            звузити.
                                  4)      two more prefixes+ the root morpheme/stem+two or
                            more  suffixes: non-re-act(e)-ation, in-ac-count-abil-ity.  за-в-час-
                            н-ий, не-до-ви-до-бут-ок.

                                  3. Conversion
                                  Conversion  consists  in  making  a  new  word  from  some
                            existing  word  by  changing  the  category  of  a  part of  speech,  the
                            morphemic shape of the original word remaining unchanged. One
                            of  the  major  arguments  for  this  approach  to  conversion  is  the
                            semantic  change  that  regularly  accompanies  each  instance  of
                            conversion.  Normally,  a  word  changes  its  syntactic  function
                            without  any  change  in  lexical  meaning.  For  example:  yellow
                            leaves, the leaves yellowed.
                                  The other argument is the regularity and completeness with
                            which converted units develop a paradigm of their new category of
                            a part of speech. Conversion is not only a highly productive but
                            also  a  particularly  English  way  of  word-building.  Its
                            overwhelming productivity is considerably encouraged by certain
                            features  of  the  English  language  in  its  modern  stage  of
                            development. The analytical structure of Modern English and  A
                            great number of one-syllable













                                                           21
   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26