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bonds between them. Depending on the structure of the carbon
chain and the types of bonds between the Carbon atoms in the
output hydrocarbon, the organic compounds are divided into types
(Table 1.1). In addition to Carbon and Hydrogen, organic
molecules can contain Oxygen, Nitrogene, Sulfur, halogens, and
the like.

Table 1.1 - Types of organic compounds
№ Type Signal Examples
1 Acyclic (aliphatic) Open
Carbon
Chain
а) saturated Carbon
(alkanes) atoms are
H C CH CH CH
bound only 3 2 2 3
by single σ-
bonds

b) unsaturated between
(alkenes) Carbon
H C CH CH CH
atoms there 2 2 3
is a double
bond (σ-, π-
bond)

c) unsaturated between
(alkynes) Carbon
H C C CH CH
atoms there 3
is a triple
CH 3
bond (σ-,
2π-bonds)