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group prefix the
suffix

Carboxylic O carboxylic carboxy -ova
C
Acids OH

Aldehydes O amide amid-
C
Ketones NH 2

Aldehydes O aldehyde oxo -al-
C
H
Ketones O carbonyl oxo on
C

-Nitro nitro group nitro
−NO 2
compounds

Alcohols −OH hydroxyl hydroxy- -- ol -

Amines −NH 2 amino group amino amine
Halogen −F, halogen fluoro, fluoride,
derivatives −Cl, chloro, chloride,
−Br, bromo, bromide,
−І iodo- iodide

The seniority of the functional groups listed in the table decreases
from the top to down.

CH 4 Methane
CH 3 – CH 3 Ethane
CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 3 Propane
CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 Butane
CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 3 – CH 3 Pentane
CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 4 – CH 3 Hexane