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buoyancy provided by modules reduces tensioning requirements by a like amount.

               In addition, the resultant lower drag coefficient afforded by the smooth surface of

               the modules reduces riser stress. Anything as costly and essential to operation as

               the  drilling  riser  deserves  critical  appraisal  and  evaluation,  particularly  the

               tensioning requirements in different situations.
















































                                      Figure 6.23 – Integral marine riser joint



















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