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The traditional leader in world energy consumption is the United
States (lost to China in 2010, but retained a share of 17.8% of global
primary energy consumption by 2013), developing its own shale
deposits of hydrocarbons, taking a course on energy self-sufficiency

and development of export potential . The country has intensified the
struggle for world markets, rebuilding international trade in energy
resources.

In the last ten years, the main growth in world primary energy
consumption has been noted in developing countries, which increased
their share from 44.4% to 56.5%. Over the past decade, the structure
of demand for primary energy resources (oil, gas, coal, electricity

generated using large hydroelectric power plants, as well as nuclear
power plants) has almost not changed. Today, oil continues to
dominate, providing about 33% of global demand for primary energy,

although the growth rate of production of this raw material has slowed
down. Stable, at 24% of total energy consumption, remains the share
of gas, while the share of coal whose competitiveness has increased

(due to lower prices per unit of heating value) exceeded the level of
30% despite attempts to deter its use from environmental
considerations. After the accident at the Fukushima-1 nuclear power

plant, world nuclear power production declined, whose share in the
expenditure share of the global energy balance dropped from 6% in
2003 to 4.4% in 2014. At the same time, the share of hydroelectric
power was about 6, 7% of the world's volume. In the years 2013-2014,

in most countries significant progress has been made on the use of
renewable energy sources (PDE - biomass, sun, wind, water, land
energy, household wastes), although, according to British Petroleum,

global scale is similar the sources of energy remain relatively low
(2.2% of the world's primary energy consumption). At the same time,
according to the IEA's forecast, by 2040 the growth of electricity
generation on the basis of the PDE can grow to 50% in the EU, up to

30% in China and Japan, and more than 25% in the USA and India.
The high reality of such a forecast is due to the introduction of a
scheme for emissions trading in the EU and several other countries

(India, China, etc.), which will help to avoid subsidizing organic fuel
and correspondingly reducing its consumption. At the same time, the
projected increase in oil and natural gas prices indicates a decline in

the cost of modern renewable energy technologies.

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