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Another theory is the contractual theory of the origin of the
state, which is an integral part of the theory of "natural law" (XVII -
XVIII centuries). The essence of this concept is that state and right
arose from human agreements and they were created by the will of

people through a social contract to protect the property, life and
freedom of people. The elements of this theory can be found in the
process of the emergence of the state in ancient Rome, when there was

a struggle between patricians and plebeians for state power and they
made a compromise – an agreement.
The patriarchal theory derives the origin of the state from the
family, which, while developing, goes into genus, from genus to tribe,

to the unification of tribes and to the emergence of a nation as a tribal
alliance. State power gradually evolves from the power of a father in
the family to the power of the Council of elders of the tribe and

reaches the power of a prince, a king or a leader of a tribe.
The theory of conquest or violence, the essence of which is the
fact that state arose as a result of violence and conquest of one tribe by

others, one people by others. This theory reveals the external,
political, and factors of the emergence of the state but overlooks the
social causes of its occurrence.

The most widespread theory of the emergence of the state is the
socio-economic or class (Marxist) theory. According to it, the causes
of the dissolution of generic society is the emergence of a
monogamous family, large social divisions of labour, the transition

from generic (collective) ownership to private property, and the
emergence of different antagonistic classes. With the emergence of
antagonistic classes and social groups, the generic society (the Council

of elders) was no longer able to regulate the relations between these
classes and social groups. In this regard, a new organization of power
was necessary – the state power and its apparatus. This concept is set
out in F. Engels’s work "The origin of the family, private property and

the state" on the synthesis and analysis of the emergence of states in
Athens, Ancient Rome and the Germans. The emergence of each
particular state has its own peculiarities and general laws: the

emergence of a monogamous family, private property and different
antagonistic classes.
In recent decades, the cosmic theory of the emergence of the

state is being developed. Its essence is that the state arose and was

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