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are specially engaged in management (lawmaking, law enforcement,
and their protection against offenses).
The structure of the state mechanism includes:
- state apparatus (system of state authorities);

- state institutions and enterprises that have no authority but
perform general social functions in the field of economy, culture,
science, etc.;

- civil servants (officials);
- organizational and financial means, coercive force that are
necessary for the operation of the mechanism of state.
The body of state authority is a legally formed, organizational

and economically separated part of a single state apparatus which has
special features that distinguish it from non-state organizations. They
are state and power character, competence, organizational structure

and position.
The public authorities are formed by elections (forming a
parliament), appointments (ministers), receiving posts by heredity

(hereditary peers of the House of Lords), joining a public authority by
position (the Minister of Defense of Ukraine is a member of the
National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine).

The construction and operation of the mechanism of a modern
state is based on the following principles such as humanism (priority
of protecting human rights and freedoms in the activities of the state),
publicity, professionalism, civil servants, legality (activity of all

components of state mechanism only on the basis of legislation),
democracy, division of authorities into independent branches:
legislative, executive, judicial.

The presence in the society a special apparatus of public
authority is the main feature of a state.
The territory of the state is determined by its borders. The
territory of the state includes land, inland seas, lakes, rivers, and outer

seas within the 12-mile zone (20 km) – territorial waters, continental
shelf, airspace within the borders, diplomatic missions: embassies and
consulates, trading vessels, passenger ships, naval and aircrafts,

airplanes and spacecraft.
The state establishes its population within certain territories,
establishes a certain mode of residence and movement within the

territory, as well as travel abroad. State power is extended to all

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