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… experienced a remarkable growth since its birth/ demonstrates the utility of
Q.
… affects the rate of Q/ is determined by means of Q.
… reinforces the analogy/ intervenes between Q and R/ is relevant only at
equilibrium.
… holds only in certain situations/ renders R unreactive to Q.
… makes the consequences of Q harmless/ resists extension/ mimics real-life
forms.
… exhibits properties (signs/ varying degrees) of Q/ is not an incidental
consequence of Q.
… can get very complex when Q is involved/ can have semantic significance.
… possesses an additional property, Q/ is experimentally measurable.
… may on occasion be very great/ is an earthquake precursor.
… is a short-lived particle (a highly reactive molecule/ an unreactive gas).
… is a parameter susceptible to alteration/ a response to Q/ a lawlike regularity.
… is made up of a limited number of entities/ is inconsistent with observational
results.
… is caused by (the fact that) Q/ is pinned down as a cause of Q.
… is highly amenable to alteration/ is equivalent to Q.
… is adequate* (proved useful) for studying phenomena as diverse as R and Q.
•  (An examination of experimental data points to the conclusion that) ...
 There is ...
… no/ little connection between the two phenomena/ no occasion for P here.
… an overlap/ parallelism between P and Q.
… a correlation between cancer risk and P.
… an interplay of factors here, including age.
… variability around the expected outcomes.
•  There are ...occasional traces of P in volcanic gases.
 There may (well) be ... some significant relationship between P and Q.
 It is just in the threshold region ... where these effects are most important.
 This is where P becomes relevant. Here the chemical mimics a hormone.
•  (It is relatively simple to verify that) ... This event is responsible for the change.
 This factor determines Q/ has a biological underpinning.
 This distinction only arises if there is P. The existence of P is an indicator of
may explain Q.
 The behavior of P approximates that of Q. Such behavior is not observable in Q.
 Such processes are governed by P. The nature / choice of P depends on Q /
conforms to Q.
 These effects ...
… are possible when Р.
… are related to Р.
… are common for PP.
 Occasionally there happens P. Characteristically PP tend to form chains/ a
hierarchy.
•  It is important to emphasize what P and Q have in common;
 P and Q ... embody the same relation/ are inseparably connected (inseparable

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