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There  are  certain  structural  features  which  enable  us  to
                            identify  some  words  as  borrowings  and  even  to  determine  the
                            source  language.  You  can  recognize  such    words  by  certain
                            suffixes, prefixes or endings.
                                  The  lexical  meaning  of  the  word  is  also  crucial  (e.g.  the
                            concept denoted by the word ricksha(w), pagoda (Chin.) make us
                            sure  that  we  deal  with  borrowings).  Sometimes  the  form  of  the
                            word together with its meaning in Modern English enables us to
                            tell the source of borrowing (e.g. the diagraph ch as [∫] – a late
                            French borrowing (in machine, echelon); as [k] – through Greek
                            (archaic,  architect);  as  [t∫]  –  either  an  early  borrowing  (chase,
                            OFr., cherry, L.) or a word of Anglo-Saxon origin (child, choose)

                                  3. Assimilation of borrowings
                                  The  term  assimilation  of  a  loan  word  is  used  to  denote  a
                            partial  or  total  conformation  to  the  phonetical,  grammatical  and
                            morphological  standards  of  the  receiving  language  and  its
                            semantic system. The assimilation degree depends on the length of
                            the period during which the word has been used in the receiving
                            language, upon its importance for communication purposes and its
                            frequency.
                                  Grammatical  adaptation,  for  instance,  consists  in  a
                            complete change of the former paradigm of the borrowed word (i.
                            e.  system  of  the  grammatical  forms  peculiar  to  it  as  a  part  of
                            speech). If it is a noun, it is certain to adopt, sooner or later, a new
                            system of declension; if it is a verb, it will be conjugated according
                            to the  rules  of  the  recipient  language.  Yet, this  is  also  a  lasting
                            process.
                                  By semantic adaptation is meant adjustment to the system
                            of  meanings  of  the  vocabulary.  It  has  been  mentioned  that
                            borrowing is generally caused either by the necessity to fill a gap
                            in the vocabulary or by a chance to add a synonym conveying an
                            old concept  in a  new way. Yet, the process of  borrowing  is  not
                            always  so  logical  and  efficient  as  it  might  seem  at  first  sight.













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