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(порівняльно-історичне мовознавство), studying the genetic
kinship of languages in their development; the areal linguistics
(ареальна лінгвістика), dealing with languages of a particular
geographic area despite their genetic relations with respect to their
mutual influence of one language upon the other; the typological
linguistics (типологічна лінгвістика), which on the basis of
studying similarities and differences within the contrastive
linguistics (зіставне мовознавство чи контрактивна
лінгвістика). But the matter is that the contrastive linguistics has
not yet found its final position within the system of linguistic
disciplines. Debatable remain issues whether this discipline
belongs to general or special linguistics, synchronic or diachronic
one.
The principle of contrasting is as well used by the two
linguistic disciplines: contrastive typology and contrastive
linguistics. Since contrastive linguistics employs a lot of data
accumulated by typological linguistics, it is of interest to look
closer at their correlation.
Typology as a branch of linguistics aims at establishing
similar general linguistic categories serving as a basis for the
classification of languages of different types, irrespective of their
genealogical relationship.
Contrastive typology (CT) is based on the methods of
comparison or contrasting. CT also aims at establishing the most
general structural types of languages on the basis of their
dominant or common phonetic, morphological, lexical and
syntactic features. Any of these features/ phenomena may be
contrasted synchronically or diachronically. The main of these
typologies are the following:
Universal Typology investigates all languages of the world
and aims at singling out in them such phenomena, which are
common in all languages. These features are referred to as
absolute universals. Their identification is carried out not only on

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