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UNIT 8
RESERVOIR ROCKS. SATURATION

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words:
Reservoir Rock – гірська порода, яка має well cuttings - шлам
здатність накопичувати нафту; пориста
порода; порода-колектор
core – батоліт; бурова колонка; вибурена wireline well logs – каротаж нафтової
порода у вигляді циліндру свердловини за допомогою каротажного
канату
rock chips – вибурена порода, шлам drilling mud – буровий розчин, шлам
flush up – промивати, змивати be sampled - відбиратися
estimate - встановити plug – шток (рудне тіло у вигляді циліндру)
sonic velocity – швидкість звуку formation density – щільність породи, пласту
cutoff – гранична межа пористості permeability - проникність
darcy – Дарсі – одиниця проникності permeameter – пристрій для визначення
гірської породи, що характеризує породу проникності - пермеаметр
nitrogen - азот pore throat –поровий канал
wetting fluid – змочуючи рідина water wet – гідрофільний; той, що
змочується водою
saturation - насичення oil field brine – бурові води; солоні бурові
води; нафтопромислові мінералізовані
пластові води
tight sand – мало пористий пісок measure - вимірювати

Task 2. Read the following text, translate it into Ukrainian.
Text 1
Reservoir Rocks
A reservoir rock is a rock that can both store and transmit fluids. A reservoir rock must
have both porosity and permeability. Porosity is the percent volume of the rock that is not
occupied by solids. These spaces are called pores. In the subsurface, the pores are filled with
fluids such as water, gas, and oil. Porosity measures the fluid storage capacity of a reservoir
rock. There are several accurate methods to measure porosity using well cuttings, cores, and
wireline well logs.
First, when a well is drilled, the rock chips (well cuttings) made by the drill bit are
flushed up the well by the drilling mud. The well cuttings are sampled at regular intervals. A
geologist examines them under a binocular microscope to identify the rock types and see the
pores. The geologist can often visually estimate the porosity of the rock to within 1 to 2%.
Second, a core is a cylinder of rock that is drilled from the well. A small plug in the shape
of a cylinder, 2.5 to 3.8 cm in diameter and 2.5 to 7.6 cm long, is cut from the core. The plug is
then dried to remove the fluids from the pores. An instrument called a porosimeter is used to
measure the porosity of the plug.
Third, accurate porosity measurements can also be made after the well is drilled without
taking samples of the rock by a service company that runs one of three wireline well logs
(neutron porosity, formation density, and sonic-velocity logs).
Typical porosity values for an oil reservoir are shown in Table 1. Natural gas compresses
and needs less porosity than an oil reservoir. Very deep gas reservoirs need very little porosity
because of the very high pressure.
Table 1

Porosity values for an oil reservoir