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Task 6. Find English equivalents for the following (see the text). Try to build up
your own sentences with them.
Ставати знову непроникним; у порівнянні з водою; пропускати рідину; вздовж
міграційного шляху; малі глибини; пори, наповнені газом; межа між природнім газом та
водоймою (водним резервуаром); відносно чіткий; потрапити (наштовхнутись) на
комерційні обсяги нафти; просочуватись на поверхню; шари солі; називати за
географічною територією, мати однакові характеристики; визначати один і той самий
поклад нафти і газу.

Task 7. Provide the annotation of the text from Task 2.

GRAMMAR FOCUS
The Gerund and its constructions

Task 1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the underlined
gerunds. What form of the Gerund is used in the sentences?
1. The possibility of chemical energy being transformed into electric energy is evident.
2. The instructor informed us of establishing a new record of a nonstop flight.
3. On finding that the estimation of these coefficients involves a number of uncertainties, he
couldn’t make any definite generalizations.
4. The possibility of observing the nascent state of magnetism visually is of great interest.
5. Carrying this test successfully was helped by the careful investigations of outstanding
scientists.
6. We increase the resistance of metals by raising their temperature.
7. The atomic ice-breaker may sail for a year without refueling.
8. Each manufacturer has his own particular method of designing mine-lighting layouts.

Task 2. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the underlined
constructions with the Gerund and try to define their character.
1. I remember their having adopted this arrangement as being more economical.
2. They knew of the exact conditions having been established necessary for observing the
very start of transformation consistently.
3. We insisted on their being offered favorable terms of payment.
4. We object to their being denied the aspiration to test such new methods as may be
suggested by fresh knowledge.
5. He objected to the goods being paid in advance.
6. He recollected that there were evidences of its having been used before the 18-th century.
7. The engineer insists on those devices being a new step in the development of technique.
9. Nothing can be done but wait for its being eliminated.

TRANSLATION FOCUS
Essentials of Geology

Task 1. Translate the following text into Ukrainian. Build up a glossary to the
underlined terms.
Chemical or Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks-formed as a result of chemical processes.
Primary carbonate deposition results from the precipitation and deposits formed by plants and
animals that utilize carbonates in their life processes. The most abundant mineral chemically or
biochemically precipitated in the oceans is calcite, most of it the shelly remains of organisms and
the main constituent of limestone. Many limestones also contain dolomite, a calcium-magnesium