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Lecture 15. Subconscious and mysticism in philosophy

of the 20th century
1. Basics of Freudism.

2. Religious philosophy.

Big volume of the material in the sphere of human study problems
in philosophy leads to the study of modern philosophical literature,

which is divided into certain stages, periods and tendencies. Due to these
tendencies modern philosophical thought can be described as a social
philosophy of a human being. A human being is the beginning of

philosophical thinking, its principle and its final result.
Studying this question we should pay attention to the doctrines of
the founder of the psychoanalysis, Austrian psychiatrist Z. Freud (1856-
1939). Z. Freud believes that a consciousness of a man is subordinated

to one’s subconsciousness, the essence of which is libido – sexual
attraction that is deep and subconscious psychological energy of an
individual, which is based on a sexual instinct. The consciousness of a

man appears as a result of a conflict between the natural and
materialistic, spiritual and normative world of the society culture, that is
between libido and social environment.

It’s important to study the work “Outlines on the psychology of
sexuality”, where the author draws the picture of the evolution of psycho
and sexual in a man, a complex process of formation and differentiation

of its different stages. The attempt of Freud to realize the sociality from
the point of its determination by biological and psychological factors
common o a human being shouldn`t be rejected as an erroneous or
insignificant, because other scientists paid no attention to these factors

earlier. Studying the philosophical thought of Freud, attention should be
paid to its influence on freudism and neofreudism as psychological and
analytical philosophical schools.

Basics of Freudism are described in such works as “The Origin and
Development of Psychoanalysis”, “Philosophy of the unconscious”,
“The Future of an Illusion” where psyche of the human being is
explained in the general and philosophical content as the substance,

independent from the factors of society, although individual life and
historic events represent the sphere of subconscious not only of
individuals but also of the whole nation. Certainly, the conceptual

explanation of the principles and methods of unconsciousness existence
gives the new understanding of the human being, his or her specific

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