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struggle for goodness of human essence, for peace and survival of
humanity, set of initiatives for solving the ecological problems and etc.
The most popular representatives are: G. Bokhenskyi (1902), Sh.

Mariten (1882-1973), E.Andre-Shylson (1884-1978).
P. Teiar – de Sharden (1881 – 1955) represents religious and
mystical line of social philosophy. Solving the problem of a human

being the philosopher mentions the evolutional concept of the Universe,
panpsychism, which claims the existence of spiritual source, as a driving
force of universe. Studying the work “Phenomenon of a human being”
the students should trace the evolution of “Omega point” (Jesus Christ)

starting with the simplest materialistic formations in space to a man.
Interesting points in this issue include the primary source, the world as a
special environment, the first appearance of a man as an individual level

of thinking, understanding the phenomenon of sociality and collective
stage of thinking.
X. Ortega – and – Gasset (1883 – 1955) is a Spanish thinker,
famous for his views on culture as a system of ideas about the world and

a man, which differ greatly from the ideas of science and mass culture.
The philosopher proves that the basics of science are anonymous, that is,
independent from a man, and the truths of a culture become sensible in

the form of real vital activity of a human being. In the work “New
Symptoms” Ortega – and – Gasset emphasizes the beginning of crisis of
bourgeois epoch that is devaluation of “cartezian man”. It happens

because of the confrontation of rationalism “pure mind” – and a new life
force, life wisdoms. The students should find out, according to the text,
which “new symptoms”, that is cultural values became different by their

rank in the hierarchy of civilization in the XX century, what lies in the
essence of ratiovitalism.

Philosophical works, recommended for the study of students by

doing different kinds of individual work:

1. Camus A. A Myth about Sizif. Essay about Absurd / A. A
Camus // Textbook on the History of Philosophy: the 6th book. - P. 139

– 144.
2. Ortega – and – Gassat H. New Symptoms / H. Ortega – and
– Gassat // The Problem of a Human Being in Western Philosophy. –

M., 1988. – - P. 202 – 206.

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