Page 9 - Міністерство освіти і науки України

Verbal translating, however, does not provide a faithful conveying of sense at
other than word level. When employed at the level of word-combinations or sentences
verbal translation may often make the language units ungrammatical and pervert or
completely ruin their sense:
e.g. “to read the sky” – is not “читати небо” but “передбачaти погоду”
“first night” – is not “перша ніч” but “прем`єра” etc.
3. Word – for –word translating.
It is a consecutive verbal translation, employed on the level of word combinations
and sentences.
e.g. All roads lead to Rome
Всі дороги ведуть в Рим.
The method of word-for-word translating is sometimes wrongly employed to
convey the sense of units which have a structural form, the order of words, and the
means of connection quite different from those in the target language. Therefore word-
for-word variants are to be corrected. e.g. “You are right to begin with” should not be
translated “ Ви маєте рацію, щоб почати з” but “Почнемо з того, що ви маєте
рацію”.
4. Interlinear method of translating.
It is a strictly faithful rendering of sense expressed by word-combinations and
sentences on the level of text. This method may be applied to all speech units. A
completely faithful conveying is often achieved through various transformations of
structure of many sense units. The choice of the transformed variants is predetermined
by the aim of the translation, by the circumstances under which the translating is
performed or by the requirements of style.
Various transformations in interlinear translating are inevitable and they are
called forth by a number of divergencies in the source language and in the target
language.
e.g. He caused the letter to be sent.
Лист був відісланий за його наказом.
Excuse my leaving you.
Пробачте, що я залишив вас.
Transformations are also inevitable when there exists no identity in the form of
expressing the same notion in the source language and in the target language:
e.g. to hurt – завдавати болю
to ski – їздити на лижах
to become weak – знесилитися
to get a head – захмеліти
The method of interlinear translating is practically employed at the intermediary
and advanced stages of studying a foreign language. It is helpful when rendering some
passages or works for internal office use in scientific centers and laboratories, in trade,
etc., but interlinear translations do not convey the literary artistic features and beauty of
the original.
5. Literary method of translating.

7