Page 46 - Міністерство освіти і науки України

historical inquiries
to clarify the obscure places
the fidelity of translation
depicting the images
deliberate omissions

2. Find among the above phrases those with similar and opposite meaning.
Stage II
1. Speak on the significance of translating in modern society. Outline the role of
translating in maintaining relations between different nations, in the progress of
world science, etc.
2. Define the terms "translation" and "interpretation".
3. Name and explain the peculiarities of the three approaches to human translation.
4. Check your understanding of the approaches to translating by determining which one
is implied in each of the following sentences:
It highlights a very important aspect of translation – the matching of thesauruses.
In the process of translation, links between the forms of different languages are
established through conceptual equivalence.

Translation may achieve its ultimate target of rendering a piece of information only
if the translator knows the user’s language and the subject matter of the translation
well enough.
This approach suggests that there are certain structures in any language, which may
be successfully matched with their analogies in another language during translation.

The adequacy of translation depends on similarity of a translator’s and user’s
background information rather than only in linguistic correctness.
According to this approach, the relationship between the source and target word
forms is occasional rather than regular.
5. Tell about the literal, verbal, word-for-word methods of translating and the
restrictions in their employment.
6. Speak about the interlinear and literary methods of translating. Name the basic
principles of literary artistic translation.

Stage III
Read the text. Translate it in writing. Comment on the methods performed in the
process of translating separate words, phrases, sentences and the text as a whole.

Migration
One of the greatest mysteries of nature is the instinct to migrate. Every year
millions of creatures feel the need to move for one reason or another. Most of us have
seen the arrival or departure of migration flocks of birds. Migration, however, is not
confined to birds, but can be seen in reptiles (for example, turtles, frogs), insects
(butterflies, locusts), fish (eels, salmon, tuna) and mammals (reindeer, seals, lemmings,

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