Page 43 - Міністерство освіти і науки України

Among the most characteristic features of this style are the following:
logical sequence of utterances with clear indication of their interrelations
and interdependence;
the use of terms specific to each given branch of science (words tend to be
used in their primary logical meaning);
the use of sentence-patterns (they are of three types: postulatory,
argumentative and formulative);

the use of quotations, references and foot-notes;
impersonality (this quality is mainly revealed in the frequent use of passive
constructions).

The scientific prose has three divisions:
a) the language style of humanitarian sciences;
b) the language style of “exact” sciences;
c) the language style of popular scientific prose.
There is of course a noticeable difference in the design of utterances in these three
divisions. Popular scientific style, for example, differs greatly from the purely
scientific style. A book, paper or lecture of that kind is not designed for
specialists, but for those who are little acquainted with the subject. Popular
scientific books try not only to set forth the subject in a way accessible to
everyone, but to make exposition vivid, attractive. Very special terms are
replaced by description and explanation, abstract formulae – by concrete
examples: the language is usually imaginative and emotional.

2 The Style of Official Documents
The main aim of this type of communication is to state the conditions binding two
parties in an undertaking and to reach agreement between two contracting parties. This
style is the most conservative, it preserves cast-iron forms of structuring and uses
syntactical constructions and words long known as archaic and not observed anywhere
else. The style of official documents is not homogeneous and is represented by the
following substyles:
the language of business documents;
the language of legal documents;
the language of diplomacy;
the language of military documents.
Each of the substyles has its own peculiar terms, phrases and expressions, but
among the features common to all stylistical varieties of official documents are the
following:

the use of abbreviations, conventional symbols and contractions;
the use of words in their logical dictionary meaning;
absence of emotiveness;
definite compositional pattern and design,etc

41