Page 42 - Міністерство освіти і науки України

Question-in-the-narrative changes the real nature of a question and turns it into
a stylistic device. A question in the narrative is asked and answered by one and the same
person, usually the author.
Represented speech unlike direct or indirect speech is a representation of the
actual utterance by a second person, usually the author, as if it had been spoken,
whereas it has not really been spoken but as only represented in the author’s words.
And finally, some words about stylistic use of structural meaning. Every
syntactical structure has its definite function, which is sometimes called structural
meaning. When a structure is used in some other function it may be said to assume a
new meaning which is similar to lexical transferred meaning. Among syntactical
stylistic devices there are two in which this transference of structural meaning is to be
seen. They are rhetorical questions and litotes.
The rhetorical question consists of reshaping the grammatical meaning of the
interrogative sentence. A question is no longer a question but a statement expressed in
the form of interrogative sentence.
Litotes is a stylistic device consisting of a peculiar use of negative constructions.
The negation plus noun or adjective serves to establish a positive feature in a person or
thing. This positive feature, however, is somewhat diminished in quality as compared
with a synonymous expression making a straightforward assertion of the positive
feature.

III Translation and functional style of language
The problem of faithful translation is closely connected with the stylistic aspect –
one cannot reach the required level of translation if the stylistic peculiarities of the
source text are neglected. Stylistic peculiarities are rendered in translation by proper
choice of the target language translation equivalents with required stylistic colouring.
This choice will depend both on the functional style of the source text and the individual
style of the source text author. A functional style of language is a system of
interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication. Modern
stylistics distinguishes the following varieties of functional styles:
1. belles-lettres (prose, poetry, drama);
2. publicistic style;
3. newspaper style;
4. scientific style;
5. official documents.
Especially interesting and aiming at the prospective professional purposes of the
students of Information Studies Department are the last two functional styles.
1 Scientific style
The language of science is governed by the aim of the functional style of
scientific prose, which is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose the
laws of existence, development, etc. The language means used, therefore, tend to be
objective, precise, unemotional, devoid of any individuality; there is a striving for the
most generalized form of expression.

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