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4. Religious philosophy (neo-Thomism, personalism, Tayyardism, etc.).
5. Postmodernism – the most modern post-classical direction.

Irrationalism as the main paradigm of philosophy of the nineteenth and mid-
twentieth centuries. Attention to various instruments, sources of human knowledge. A
departure from classical philosophy.
Positivism of O. Comte. The role of positive knowledge in philosophy and

science. Four stages of development of positivism, basic concepts (verification) and
representatives.
Major categories of the philosophy of existentialism: existence, essence,
freedom, choice, absurdity, etc. Historical background to the ideas of existentialism.
The structure of the psyche in Freudian theory. The notion of sublimation, tanatos

and libido. Neo-Freudianism: the philosophical ideas of K. Young, E. Frоm.
Neotomism – the continuation of the teachings of Thomas Aquinas. Seven
evidence of God's Existence. Religious philosophy.
The modern historical era is postmodernism. Symbolic loading of the text, the
principle of "repetition of the old". Philosophy of J. Deridа.

MODULE 2. PHILOSOPHICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD

Lecture 6. THE PROBLEM OF BEING IN PHILOSOPHY

Lecture plan

1. Being as an all-embracing reality.
2. The main forms of being.
3. The ratio of the categories of "being", "substance", "matter".
4. Attributes of matter and the way of its existence.

Ontology as a doctrine of being. The main topics of ontology. Philosophical
categories of "being", "non-being", "world". Being as everything exists.
The main forms of life: the existence of things, being ideal, the existence of
man, the existence of society, the existence of information.
Interconnection of the categories of "being" and "substance". Matter and its

significance.
Basic forms of matter. Space and time as natural and philosophical categories.
Subjectivity and objectivity of time.

Lecture 7. PERSON AND HIS BEING OF THE AS THE SUBJECT OF

PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
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