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MODULE 1. HISTORICAL STAGES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PHILOSOPHY

Lecture 1. PHILOSOPHY AS A SPECIAL TYPE OF KNOWLEDGE

Lecture plan

1. The essence and subject of philosophy.
2. Worldview and its structure.
3. Historical forms of the worldview.
4. Features of the philosophical outlook.
5. Philosophy in the system of culture. Basic functions of philosophy.

Definition of the content of the concept of "philosophy". Consideration of
philosophy from the point of view of science as a special level of thinking, as the
theoretical form of world outlook. Causes of philosophy, basic philosophical
questions. The subject of philosophy and its peculiarity.
Specificity of the outlook. The main elements of the world of knowledge:

knowledge, values, attitudes and worldview. The role of values in human life, the
formation of value orientations. Levels of worldview. Philosophy is the core of world
outlook.
Historical forms of the worldview and their main features. Anthropomorphism,
syncretism of the mythological type of worldview. The division of the world into a
natural and supernatural in a religious outlook. The conscious, critical and creative

nature of the philosophical type of worldview. The main differences between the
historical types of worldview.
Features of the philosophical outlook. Search for truth. The practical and
theoretical nature of philosophy. Philosophy, sophie and epistemic ways of
philosophizing.
Correlation of volume of concepts “philosophy” and “culture”. The content of

the concept “culture”, “paradigm”. Paradigm as reflection of features of philosophy
of determined historical age. Interrelation of philosophical questions with various
cultural-historical ages. The main functions of philosophy: cognitive, methodological,
world outlook, socially-practical.

Lecture 2. PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS OF ANCIENT WORLD

Lecture plan

1. Features and characteristics of the Eastern and Western types of
philosophizing.
2. Philosophy of Ancient India and China. Buddhism and Confucianism

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