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apology/ forgiveness; approval/ disapproval; appreciation; regret; indifference
5. Suasion: directive
Suggest; request; invite; instruct; advise; warn; offer
6. Socializing: directives /expressives
greet; take leave; introduce; attract attention; propose a toast; congratulate…
Halliday’s (1975, 1976) classification of functions was developed for elementary
school classroom:
1. Instrumental
2. Regulatory
3. Interactional
4. Personal
5. Heuristic
6. Imaginative
7. Informative
There are several other well-known typologies that classify functions and
subfunctions of illocutionary speech acts. Their authors are R. Ohmann, K.Bach and
R.Harnish., J.D.McCawley, Vendler, Wierzbicka.

Felicity Conditions

From the very beginning, Austin realized that context was an essential factor in the
valid performance of an illocutionary act. He noted that the circumstances and the
participants must be appropriate; the act must be executed completely and correctly by all
participants; the participants must have the appropriate intentions. Austin called these
conditions felicity conditions. Expanding on this basic idea Searle tried to categorize
felicity conditions into four types.
Searle underlined that there are certain expected or appropriate circumstances,
known as felicity conditions, for the performance of a speech act to be recognized as
intended. For some clear cases, such utterances as I sentence you to six months in prison
or I declare the ceremony open the performance will be infelicitous (inappropriate) if the
speaker is not a specific person in a special context (in these cases, a judge in a courtroom
or a person authorized to open the ceremony). In everyday contexts among ordinary
people, there are also preconditions on speech acts.
Generally speaking, there are:
 general conditions on the participants, for example, that they can understand the
language being used and that they are not play-acting or being nonsensical and
 content conditions.

More technically, Searle distinguished:
1. Preparatory conditions. Preparatory conditions are those existing antecedent to the
utterance, including the speaker’s beliefs about the hearer’s capabilities and state of
mind. The preparatory conditions for a promise are significantly different from those for a
warning or an apology. When we promise to do something,there are two preparatory
conditions: first, the event will not happen by itself, and second, the event will have a
beneficial effect. When we utter a warning, there are the following preparatory conditions:
it isn't clear that the hearer knows the event will occur, the speaker does think the event