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an official name change is resisted in other languages and the older name may remain in
common use. Examples include the use of Saigon for Ho Chi Minh City, Bangkok for Krung
Thep, and Ivory Coast for Côte d'Ivoire.
Difficulties arise when transliteration or transcription between writing systems is
required. National names tend to have well established names in other languages and writing
systems, such as Russia for Россия, but for many placenames a system of transliteration or
transcription is required.
Further difficulties arise when countries, especially former colonies, do not have a
strong national geographic naming standard. In such cases cartographers may have to choose
between various phonetic spellings of local names versus older imposed, sometimes resented,
colonial names. Some countries have multiple official languages, resulting in multiple official
placenames. For example, the capital of Belgium is both Brussel and Bruxelles. In Canada,
English and French are official languages and places have names in both languages. British
Columbia is also officially named la Colombie-Britannique. English maps rarely show the
French names outside Quebec, which itself is spelled Québec in French.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. How do you understand the term “exonym”?
2. Give the examples of proper names.
3. Give the examples of transliteration or transcription for geographical names.

3. Give the English equivalents from Text 5:

Давати назву, відрізнятися, власна назва, зрозумілий, загальновживаний,
виникати, подальший, колишній, різний, офіційна мова, назва карти, офіційна назва,
топонім, місцева назва.

4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text. Translate the sentences into
Ukrainian:

1. A word that describes a place using a __________ or language is referred to as an
__________.
2. In some cases the __________ name is not clear.
3. Difficulties arise when __________ or __________ between writing systems is
required.
4. Further difficulties arise when countries, especially __________, do not have a
strong national geographic __________.
GRAMMAR FOCUS
THE PARTICIPLE I, II.

5. Translate the sentences with the participle into Ukrainian:

1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl.
2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother.
3. The man playing the piano is Kate’s uncle.
4. Entering the room she turned on the light.
5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the performance had already begun.
6. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers.
7. Hearing the sounds of music, she stopped talking.
8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.
9. Working at his desk, he listened to a new CD.