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For example the 1:24,000 scale topographic maps of the United States Geological Survey
(USGS) are a standard as compared to the 1:50,000 scale Canadian maps. The government of
the UK produces the classic 1:63,360 (1 inch to 1 mile) "Ordnance Survey" maps of the entire
UK and with a range of correlated larger- and smaller-scale maps of great detail.
Thematic cartography involves maps of specific geographic themes oriented toward
specific audiences. A couple of examples might be a dot map showing corn production in
Indiana or a shaded area map of Ohio counties divided into numerical choropleth classes. As
the volume of geographic data has exploded over the last century, thematic cartography has
become increasingly useful and necessary to interpret spatial, cultural and social data.
An orienteering map combines both general and thematic cartography, designed for a
very specific user community. The most prominent thematic element is shading that indicates
degrees of difficulty of travel due to vegetation. The vegetation itself is not identified, merely
classified by the difficulty ("fight") that it presents.
Topographic vs topological

Topographic map of Easter Island.
A topographic map is primarily concerned with the topographic description of a place,
including (especially in the 20th century) the use of contour lines showing elevation. Terrain
or relief can be shown in a variety of ways.
A topological map is a very general type of map, the kind you might sketch on a
napkin. It often disregards scale and detail in the interest of clarity of communicating specific
route or relational information.

2. Answer the following questions:
1. What categories of cartography do you know?
2. What does general cartography involve?
3. What do general maps contain?
4. What does thematic cartography involve?
5. What is orienteering/topographic/topological map?

3. Give the English equivalents from Text 4:

Тематичний, масштаб, округ, географічні дані, картографічне управління,
просторовий, орієнтування, топологічна карта, маршрут.

4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text. Translate the sentences into
Ukrainian: 1. In understanding basic maps, the field of cartography can be divided into two
general categories: __________ and __________.
2. Thematic cartography involves maps of specific __________ oriented toward
specific audiences.
3. A couple of examples might be a __________ showing corn production in Indiana
or a shaded area map of Ohio counties divided into numerical __________ classes.
4. An __________ combines both general and thematic cartography, designed for a
very specific user community.
5. A __________ map is a very general type of map, the kind you might sketch on a