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6.2 Borrowings
Vocabulary, especially its terminological layer is constantly
growing. Borrowing from different languages, along with semantic
transformation and derivation is the third most important source of
terminological enrichment fund. Scientific terminology that lies at
the periphery of the common vocabulary, is developing
particularly quickly. The vast majority of neologisms consists of
foreign language borrowings. This is largely due to the fact that
modern science, as a modern society can not fully develop without
international connections, without broad international exchange of
ideas, achievements and experience. It certainly results in
borrowing.
T. Cabré classifies borrowings into three types based on the
code from which the borrowed units come from:
a. loan words from Greek or Latin, often called neoclassical
borrowings
b. loan words from another, contemporary language, i.e. true
borrowings
c. loan words from other geographic or social dialects, or
other subject fields from the same language, which are usually not
considered borrowings.
After Latin ceased to be used as the language of science,
Latin elements continued to be used for the construction of
scientific terms. There are a number of scientific terms: generator
from Lat. Generator 'manufacturer', diffraction, from Lat.
diffractus 'prelomlenye'), induction (born induction, it. Induktion
induction from Lat. inductio 'excitement' ), etc.
Many terms are also formed from the Greek elements. These
are the terms achromatism кольорова сліпота (from rp.
Achromatos), oscillator, heterodynny (English, heterodyne, fr.
Hétérodyne from gr. Heteros 'other' and (h) odas 'path' ),
hydrophone (born hydrophone, fr. hydrophone of hydor 'water' and
phone 'sound' and others.

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