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be considered (from the typological point of views) all in all the
same – seven. Namely: noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral, verbs,
adverb, stative.
As to the functionals (semi-notional words, as they are still
sometimes called) their number in the contrasted languages is not
identical because present-day English has the article which is
crossing in Ukrainian. The rest of functionals are all common:
conjunctions, prepositions, modal words and modal expressions,
particles, exclamations.

2. Noun as a part of speech in English and Ukrainian

The noun as a part of speech is characterized in English and
Ukrainian by a common lexico-grammatical nature of substantivity
or “thingness”. Typologically isomorphic are the main classes of
nouns which are: common nouns and proper nouns.
Common nouns split in the contrastive languages into the
following subclasses: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, collective
nouns, names of materials, class nouns.
Proper nouns in their turn split in English and Ukrainian
into some common subclasses as well: names/Nicknames of
people(s), nationalities, family names, geographical names, names
of companies, newspapers, journals, etc.
There is some allomorphism, however, in the realization of
the meaning (and category) of number and quantity in some
groups of nouns in the contrasted languages. Among these are
some collective nouns, which may be used in English both in
singular and in plural (when the constituent members of these
collective nouns become nouns). E.g. my family is small, my
families are early risers. In plural these collective nouns become
nouns of multitude, as having always, however, in Ukrainian a
singular meaning (Вся родина змінилася).
If we to take, e.g. abstract and concrete nouns, we usually
take into consideration not the properties of the words but the

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