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confusion. (If the placement of the modifier causes confusion, then it
is not "free" and must remain "bound" to the word it modifies.)
 Nancy waved enthusiastically at the docking ship, laughing
joyously. (correct)
 INCORRECT:Lisa waved at Nancy, laughing joyously. (Who is
laughing, Lisa or Nancy?)

8. To set off all geographical names, items in dates (except the month
and day), addresses (except the street number and name), and titles in
names.
 Birmingham, Alabama, gets its name from
Birmingham, England.

9.To shift between the main discourse and a quotation.
 John said without emotion, "I'll see you tomorrow."

10. Wherever necessary to prevent possible confusion or misreading.
 To George, Harrison had been a sort of idol.

Comma is not used
1.To separate the subject from the verb.
 INCORRECT: An eighteen-year old in California, is now
considered an adult.
 INCORRECT: The most important attribute of a ball player, is
quick reflex actions.

2.Between the two verbs or verb phrases in a compound predicate.
 INCORRECT: We laid out our music and snacks, and began to
study.
 INCORRECT: I turned the corner, and ran smack into a patrol
car.

3.Between the two nouns, noun phrases, or noun clauses in a
compound subject or compound object.

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