Page 241 - 4670

this may be the only method for small farmers ________to vacant or
abandoned land and to bring it into productive use.
 leasing, or gaining access to land by paying rent to the owner.
 Share cropping, or gaining access to land in return for paying the

owner a percentage of the production.
 ___________, or gaining access to land as an heir.
 squatting illegally on land.

In addition to such individual strategies, access to land can be
provided systematically through land reform interventions by national
governments, often as a result of policies to correct historic injustices
and to distribute land more equitably. Such ____________usually

occur in situations where much of the land is owned by a relatively
small number of land owners and the land is idle or under-utilised
(although it should be noted that determining whether land is under-

utilised depends on the criteria selected for the assessment). In some
countries, land restitution has been an important type of land reform.
Other land reform interventions include land redistribution

programmes which aim at providing the rural poor with access to land
and promoting efficiency and investment in agriculture. These
programmes are often, but not always, accompanied by provision of

subsidised agricultural services such as extension and credit. In some
cases, the state has provided access to idle or under-utilised public
land but most often private land holdings have been the source of land
for resettlement purposes.

In imposed redistributive land reforms, land is taken from large
___________by the State and transferred to landless and land-poor
farmers. Compensation has been paid to the original owners in some

reforms but not in others. In some cases, the reforms have benefitted
the tenants who worked the land. Such reforms change the structure of
land ownership by transforming tenants into owners but do not change
the operational holdings. In other cases, the reforms have involved the

resettlement of beneficiaries on the expropriated lands and the
creation of new farming operations.
Some recent land reform initiatives have been designed so that

beneficiaries negotiate with land owners to purchase land using funds
provided by the state in the form of grants and/or loans. _________are
usually required to form a group which identifies suitable land,

negotiates the purchase from the seller, formulates a project eligible
for state grants and/or credit, and determines how the land will be

241