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to hold informal rights – мати неформальні, неофіційні права;
community – суспільство, спільнота;
enforcement – силування, тиск;
protective actions – захисні дії;

sets of procedures – ряд процедур;
time-consuming – трудомісткий;
to co-exist – співіснувати;

to come into existence – виникнути, появитися.

Plan

1. Land administration concept.
2. Land administration. Its structutal parts.
3. Information on land.

4. Legal procedures on information and rights management.
5. Peculiarities of formal and informal land administration.
Land administration is the way in which the rules of land tenure

are applied and made operational. Land administration, whether
formal or informal, comprises an extensive range of systems and
processes to administer:
 land rights: the allocation of rights in land; the delimitation of

boundaries of parcels for which the rights are allocated; the transfer
from one party to another through sale, lease, loan, gift or inheritance;
and the adjudication of doubts and disputes regarding rights and parcel

boundaries.
 land-use regulation: land-use planning and enforcement and the
adjudication of land use conflicts.
 land valuation and taxation: the gathering of revenues through

forms of land valuation and taxation, and the adjudication of land
valuation and taxation disputes.
Information on land, people, and their rights is fundamental to

effective land administration since rights to land do not exist in a
physical form and they have to be represented in some way. In a
formal legal setting, information on rights, whether held by

individuals, families, communities, the state, or commercial and other
organizations, is often recorded in some form of land registration and
cadastre system. In a customary tenure environment, information may

be held, unwritten, within a community through collective memory
and the use of witnesses. In a number of communities, those holding

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