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ABBREVIATIONS
DSM – Digital Surface Model
GIS – Geographic Information System
UTC – Universal Coordinated Time
TIN – Triangular Irregular Network
UTM – Universal Transverse Mercator
EDMI – Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments
RL – Reduced Level
TBMs – Temporary Bench Marks
LISs – Land Information Systems
GISs – Geographic Information Systems
AUV – Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
CCD – Charge Coupled Device
VLBI – Very Long Baseline interferometry
SLR – satellite laser ranging
GNSS – global navigation satellite system
RTK – real-time kinematics
DORIS – Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated
by Satellite
GLONASS – Global Navigation Satellite System
ECEF – earth fixed Cartesian datum
WGS84 – World Geodetic System: 84
HK80 – Hong Kong 1980 Geodetic Datum
NGSP – national geodetic satellite program
ATS-F – Applications technology satellite
FG-5 – The absolute ballistic gravimeter FG5
SGF – Space Geodesy Facility
NAD – the north American datum
SAOSE – the Smithsonian Astrophysical observatory
GEM – the Goddard Earth models
BC – Ballistic cameras
PAGEOS – Passive Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite
ADOS - The African Doppler Survey project
IERS – the international earth rotation service
ICRF – the international celestrial reference frame
ITRF – the international terrestrial reference frame
IGS – International GNSS Service
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