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modulo tension arise in extreme locations near concave surface
section beam (Fig. 5, b). If the curve beam acting axial force N ,
in addition to having more stress  normal stresses
м
N
  , (4.3)
N
F
of force are shown in fig. 5 c. The total stress on the action of
force bending moment and tensile force (ordinate added stress
diagrams considering their signs) is shown in fig. 5 d. Obviously,
in this case a line that would be neutral under the action of
bending moment M only, is not neutral at the moment of
simultaneous action M and power N .

Figure 4.5

The provisions of the neutral layer defined by:
– for rectangular section height h
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