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B.C.–4 cent. 1) as a result of Greek colonization in the
AD Northern Black Sea Littoral and the Crimea
Greek city-states came into existence:
Borysphenida (Berezan’ island), Olvia, the
Chersonese, Tyre, Pheodosiya, Niconium,
Kerkinitida, Panticapaeum, Phanagoria;
2) the history of the ancient city-states is
divided into 2 periods:
а) Hellenic (7 cent. B.C. – 1 cent. B.C.);
b) Roman (1 cent. B.C. - 70-ies of 4 cent.
AD);
3) the social structure was represented by
slaveholding, democratic or aristocratic
republics with the exception of Bosporan
Kingdom, which was a monarchy;
4) the basis of agriculture was represented by
farming, gardening, vinegrowing, cattle
breeding, fishery, crafts, trade.
7th century The Sarmatians:
B.C.–3rd cent. 1) they came from the adjacent steppes of the
AD Volga and the Ural and forced out the
Scythians from the northern areas of the
Black Sea. They were Iranian-speaking
people incorporating the whole conglomerate
of tribes – Iazyges, Roxolani, Aorses and
other. The main political centre was the city
of Tanais situated in the mouth of the Don
river;
2) Sarmatia was a slaveholding state. The tsar
headed the state. The society preserved tribal
structure with considerable vestiges of
matriarchy;
3) the basis of agriculture was represented by

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